![]() ![]() ![]() These range from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties.Įlemental silicon transmits more than 95% of all wavelengths of infrared and and has been used in lasers to produce coherent light at 456 nm. Hydrolysis and condensation of substituted chlorosilanes can be used to produce a very great number of polymeric products, or silicones. Workers in environments where silicaceous dust is breathed may develop a serious lung disease known as silicosis. The atomic mass of silicon is the average mass. Silicon carbide is one of the most important abrasives. The silicon element is represented by Si in the periodic table which has an average atomic mass of 28.08 amu. The average atomic mass for an element can be calculated as the sum of the fraction of each isotope within the natural abundance, multiplied by the mass number of that isotope or, average atomic mass f 1 M 1 + f 2 M 2 + f 3 M 3 The number of protons in the nucleus of an element is called the atomic number of that element. Silicon shares the bonding versatility of carbon, with its four. It is a group 14 element in the same periodic group as carbon, but chemically behaves distinctly from all of its group counterparts. One of its forms is shiny, grey, and very brittle (it will shatter when struck with a hammer). Silicon is an important ingredient in steel. Silicon is a crystalline semi-metal or metalloid. Diatoms in both fresh and salt water extract silica from the water to use as a component of their cell walls. Silicon is important in plant and animal life. Silicon is found also in minerals such as asbestos, feldspar, clay and mica. It is found largely as silicon oxides such as sand (silica), quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper and opal. Silicon makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust by weight, and is the second most abundant element, exceeded only by oxygen. By definition, the mass of one mole of an element, or Avogadros number (6. Silicon is present in the sun and stars and is a principal component of a class of meteorites known as aerolites. For most of the remaining elements, there are more neutrons than protons, because extra neutrons are needed to keep the nucleus together by overcoming the. It is defined to be equal to exactly one-twelfth the mass of an unbound carbon-12 atom. ![]()
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